In some cases, gases or vapours existing in workplace air can serve as indicator components to correctly evaluate the total exposure. If inorganic gases and organic (solvent)-vapours occur simultaneously, then it is normally necessary for a correct analysis to apply several sampling systems. During analytical practice, the question often arises as to which sampling system should be used in order to cover all relevant gases and vapours. Table 1 shows examples of work activities and workplaces where workers‘ are exposed to gases and vapours. g., lacquer aerosols, or metal-working fluid aerosols and vapours, can be determined is given in the literature. Such aerosols are not the subject of this chapter, as for their sampling, special systems are applied that must fulfil the necessary requirements for both the gas phase and the particulate phase. Vapours can further be released from aerosol droplets (in particulate form) after liquids have been stirred or sprayed so that splashes were caused. Herein, these kinds of vapours are referred to as “solvent vapours”. While gases during work activities mainly derive from various systems or upon combustion processes, vapours are released mostly during working with solvents. g., toluene and ethyl acetate) due to vapour pressure. g., CO, NO and NH 3), vapours are described that are released from liquids (e. Besides of substances permanently existing in gaseous form (e. In the following, only substances are discussed that occur in gaseous form in the atmosphere of workplaces. Furthermore, direct-reading devices are discussed, which in the meanwhile are applied for the analysis of numerous gases and, with some restrictions, of solvent vapours. However, the descriptions in sections 5 (“Transport and storage of samples”) and 6 (“Analytical determination of gases and vapours”), can also generally be considered valid for both the active and passive sampling. collection through diffusion, are discussed in Volume 6 (“Passive sampling”) of this publication. We further emphasize active sampling procedures, for which workplace air is drawn onto a collection medium using especially designed sampling pumps. Herein, an overview is given on how these exposures can be categorized and measured analytically, describing in particular strategic and technical sampling, as well as the possibilities of analysis.
#PERSONAL BREATHING ZONE AIR SAMPLING SERIES#
Published in the series Air Monitoring Methods, Vol.
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